CMakeLists.txt

@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@ add_library(lib${PROJECT_NAME} SHARED
         src/bytecode/bytecode.hh
         src/bytecode/bytecodeprototype.hh
         src/common/overloaded.hh
+        src/vm/code.cc
+        src/vm/code.hh
+        src/bytecode/constant.hh
+        src/vm/instruction.hh
+        src/vm/instruction.cc
 )
 
 target_compile_options(lib${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${warnings})
@@ -73,21 +78,24 @@ target_compile_options(lib${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${warnings})
 # tests
 #
 
-add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}-bytecode-test src/bytecode/tests.cc
-        src/bytecode/constant.hh)
+add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}-bytecode-test src/bytecode/tests.cc)
 target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}-bytecode-test lib${PROJECT_NAME} gtest_main)
 add_test(NAME tyche_bytecode_test COMMAND ${PROJECT_NAME}-bytecode-test)
 
+add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}-vm-test src/vm/tests.cc)
+target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}-vm-test lib${PROJECT_NAME} gtest_main)
+add_test(NAME tyche_vm_test COMMAND ${PROJECT_NAME}-vm-test)
+
 #
 # check for leaks
 #
 
-add_custom_target(leaks)
-add_custom_command(TARGET leaks
+add_custom_target(leaks-vm-test)
+add_custom_command(TARGET leaks-vm-test
         POST_BUILD
         COMMENT "Check for leaks using valgrind."
         WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
-        COMMAND valgrind --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=all --track-origins=yes --suppressions=${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/valgrind.supp ./${PROJECT_NAME}
+        COMMAND valgrind --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=all --track-origins=yes --suppressions=${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/valgrind.supp ./${PROJECT_NAME}-vm-test
 )
 
 #

TODO.md

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ After some additional development:
 ## VM
 
 - [ ] VM
-  - [ ] Code
-    - [ ] Simple bytecode loader
-      - [ ] Output bytecode format
+  - [x] Code
+    - [x] Simple bytecode loader
+      - [x] Output bytecode format
   - [ ] Value object
   - [ ] Stack object
   - [ ] Function context

doc/OPCODES

@@ -3,77 +3,86 @@ Operations
 
 Operations take either 0 or 1 parameter. The ones that take a parameter, it can be either a int8, int16 or int32.
 
-The binary of the opcode is: XXYY.YYYY, where XX defines the parameter type, and YY.YYYY is the instruction. For the XX values:
+Instructions follow this logic:
 
-00 - no parameter
-01 - int8
-10 - int16
-11 - int32
+00 ~ 9F : no parameter
+A0 ~ BF : int8 (1 byte)
+C0 ~ DF : int16 (2 bytes)
+E0 ~ FF : int32 (4 bytes)
 
-Stack operations: (0x00~0x1f)
-   pushn [int]          Push int
-   pushc [index]        Push constant
-   pushf [function]     Push function id
-   pushz                Push zero (or false)
-   pusht                Push true
-   newa                 Push (create) empty array
-   newt                 Push (create) empty table
-   pop
-   dup
+The operations of 1, 2 and 4 bytes are always interchangeable by adding/subtracting 0x20.
 
-Local variables: (0x20~0x2f)
-   setl [int]           Set stack top as indexed local variable
-   getl [int]           Get indexed local variable and place on stack
-   setg [int]           Set global variable
-   getg [int]           Get global variable
+ ,----------- no parameter
+ |  ,-------- int8
+ |  |  ,----- int16
+ |  |  |   ,-- int32
+NP I8 I16 I32   Opc  Instruction          Description
 
-Function operations: (0x30~0x3f)
-   call [n_pars]        Enter function on stack toplevel (passing n next stack values as parameters)
-   ret                  Leave a function (return value in stack)
-   retn                 Leave a function (return nil)
+Stack operations:
+   a0  c0 e0    pushi [int]          Push int
+   a1  c1 e1    pushc [index]        Push constant
+   a2  c2 e2    pushf [function]     Push function id
+00              pushz                Push zero (or false)
+01              pusht                Push true
+02              newa                 Push (create) empty array
+03              newt                 Push (create) empty table
+04              pop
+05              dup
 
-Control flow: (0x40~0x4f)
-   bz [pc]              Branch if zero
-   bnz [pc]             Branch if not zero
-   jmp [pc]             Unconditional jump
+Local variables:
+   a3  c3 e3    setl [int]           Set stack top as indexed local variable
+   a4  c4 e4    getl [int]           Get indexed local variable and place on stack
+   a5  c5 e5    setg [int]           Set global variable
+   a6  c6 e6    getg [int]           Get global variable
+
+Function operations:
+   a7  c7 e7    call [n_pars]        Enter function on stack toplevel (passing n next stack values as parameters)
+10              ret                Leave a function (return value in stack)
+11              retn                 Leave a function (return nil)
+
+Table and array operations:
+16              getkv                Get table's value based on key (pull 1 value, push 1 value)
+17              setkv                Set table's key and value (pull 2 values from stack)
+18              geta                 Get array's position value
+19              seta                 Set array's position value (pull 2 values from stack)
+1a              appnd                Add value to the end of array
+1b              next                 Push the next pair into the stack (for loops)
+1c              smt                  Set value metatable
+1d              mt                   Get value metatable
+
+Logical/arithmetic:
+20              sum                  Sum top 2 values in stack
+21              sub                  Subtract top 2 values in stack
+22              mul                  Multiply top 2 values in stack
+23              div                  Float division
+24              idiv                 Integer division
+25              eq                   Equality
+26              neq                  Inequality
+27              lt                   Less than
+28              lte                  Less than or equals
+29              gt                   Greater than
+2a              gte                  Greater than or equals
+2b              and                  Bitwise AND
+2c              or                   Bitwise OR
+2d              xor                  Bitwise XOR
+
+Other value operations:
+30              len                  Get table, array or string size
+31              type                 Get type from value at the top of the stack
+   b0           cast [type]          Cast type to another type
+32              ver                  Return VM version
+
+External code:
+38              cmpl                 Compile code to assembly
+39              asmbl                Assemble code to bytecode format
+3a              load                 Load bytecode as function (will place function on stack)
+
+Control flow:
+   a8 c8 e8     bz [pc]              Branch if zero
+   a9 c9 e9     bnz [pc]             Branch if not zero
+   aa ca ea     jmp [pc]             Unconditional jump
 * Jumps can only happen within the same function.
 
-Logical/arithmetic: (0x50~0x6f)
-   sum                  Sum top 2 values in stack
-   sub                  Subtract top 2 values in stack
-   mul                  Multiply top 2 values in stack
-   div                  Float division
-   idiv                 Integer division
-   eq                   Equality
-   neq                  Inequality
-   lt                   Less than
-   lte                  Less than or equals
-   gt                   Greater than
-   gte                  Greater than or equals
-   and                  Bitwise AND
-   or                   Bitwise OR
-   xor                  Bitwise XOR
-
-Table and array operations: (0x70~07xf)
-   getkv                Get table's value based on key (pull 1 value, push 1 value)
-   setkv                Set table's key and value (pull 2 values from stack)
-   geta                 Get array's position value
-   seta                 Set array's position value (pull 2 values from stack)
-   appnd                Add value to the end of array
-   next                 Push the next pair into the stack (for loops)
-   smt                  Set value metatable
-   mt                   Get value metatable
-
-Other value operations: (0x80~0x8f)
-   len                  Get table, array or string size
-   type                 Get type from value at the top of the stack
-   cast [type]          Cast type to another type
-   ver                  Return VM version
-
-External code: (0x90~0x9f)
-   cmpl                 Compile code to assembly
-   asmbl                Assemble code to bytecode format
-   load                 Load bytecode as function (will place function on stack)
 
 Error handling: (0xa0~0xaf)
    ???

src/bytecode/bytearray.cc

@@ -7,12 +7,9 @@ namespace tyche {
 
 void ByteArray::set_byte(uint32_t addr, uint8_t byte)
 {
-    try {
-        data_.at(addr) = byte;
-    } catch (std::out_of_range&) {
+    if (data_.size() < (addr + 1))
         data_.resize(addr + 1, 0);
-        data_.at(addr) = byte;
-    }
+    data_.at(addr) = byte;
 }
 
 void ByteArray::set_int8(uint32_t addr, int8_t value)

src/bytecode/bytecode.cc

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Bytecode::Bytecode(ByteArray ba)
     uint32_t code_start = byte_array_.get_uint32(TOC_START + (3 * TOC_RECORD_SZ));
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cache_.n_functions; ++i) {
         cache_.function_addr.emplace_back(code_start + byte_array_.get_uint32(cache_.functions_idx_addr + (i * FUNCTION_RECORD_SZ)));
-        cache_.function_sz.emplace_back(code_start + byte_array_.get_uint32(cache_.functions_idx_addr + (i * FUNCTION_RECORD_SZ) + 8));
+        cache_.function_sz.emplace_back(byte_array_.get_uint32(cache_.functions_idx_addr + (i * FUNCTION_RECORD_SZ) + 8));
     }
 }
 

src/bytecode/bytecode.hh

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ namespace tyche {
 
 class Bytecode {
 public:
+    Bytecode() = default;
     explicit Bytecode(ByteArray ba);
 
     [[nodiscard]] uint32_t n_constants() const;

src/bytecode/bytecodeprototype.hh

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <variant>
 #include <vector>
 #include "constant.hh"
+#include "bytearray.hh"
 
 namespace tyche {
 

src/bytecode/tests.cc

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
-#include "gmock/gmock.h"
 
 #include <cstring>
 #include <functional>
@@ -141,6 +140,8 @@ TEST(Bytecode, Parsing)
 
     ASSERT_EQ(bc.n_constants(), 2);
     ASSERT_EQ(bc.n_functions(), 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ(bc.get_function_sz(0), 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ(bc.get_function_sz(1), 1);
 
     ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(std::get<float>(bc.get_constant(0)), 3.14f);
     ASSERT_EQ(std::get<std::string>(bc.get_constant(1)), "HELLO");

src/vm/code.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include "code.hh"
+#include "../common/overloaded.hh"
+#include "instruction.hh"
+
+namespace tyche {
+
+void Code::import_bytecode(ByteArray incoming)
+{
+    Bytecode bc(std::move(incoming));
+    // TODO - adjust function calls, constants
+
+    bytecode_ = std::move(bc);
+}
+
+std::string Code::disassemble() const
+{
+    std::string out;
+
+    out += ".const\n";
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < bytecode_.n_constants(); ++i) {
+        out += "\t" + std::to_string(i) + ": ";
+        std::visit(overloaded {
+            [&out](float f)                { out += std::to_string(f); },
+            [&out](std::string const& str) { out += "\"" + str + "\""; },
+        }, bytecode_.get_constant(i));
+        out += "\n";
+    }
+    out += "\n";
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < bytecode_.n_functions(); ++i) {
+        out += ".func " + std::to_string(i) + "\n";
+        uint32_t addr = 0;
+        while (addr < bytecode_.get_function_sz(i)) {
+            auto [op, sz] = debug_instruction(bytecode_, i, addr);
+            out += "\t" + op + "\n";
+            addr += sz;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+} // tyche

src/vm/code.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#ifndef TYCHE_CODE_HH
+#define TYCHE_CODE_HH
+
+#include "../bytecode/bytecode.hh"
+
+namespace tyche {
+
+class Code {
+public:
+    void import_bytecode(ByteArray incoming);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string disassemble() const;
+
+private:
+    Bytecode bytecode_;
+};
+
+} // tyche
+
+#endif //TYCHE_CODE_HH

src/vm/instruction.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#include "instruction.hh"
+
+namespace tyche {
+
+std::pair<std::string, size_t> debug_instruction(Instruction inst, int oper)
+{
+    std::string out;
+    switch (inst) {
+
+        case Instruction::PushInt8:
+        case Instruction::PushInt16:
+        case Instruction::PushInt32:
+            out = "pushi";
+            break;
+        case Instruction::PushConstant8:
+        case Instruction::PushConstant16:
+        case Instruction::PushConstant32:
+            out = "pushc";
+            break;
+        case Instruction::PushZero:         out = "pushz"; break;
+        case Instruction::PushTrue:         out = "pusht"; break;
+        case Instruction::NewArray:         out = "newa"; break;
+        case Instruction::NewTable:         out = "newt"; break;
+        case Instruction::Pop:              out = "pop"; break;
+        case Instruction::Duplicate:        out = "dup"; break;
+        case Instruction::SetLocal8:
+        case Instruction::SetLocal16:
+        case Instruction::SetLocal32:
+            out = "setl";
+            break;
+        case Instruction::GetLocal8:
+        case Instruction::GetLocal16:
+        case Instruction::GetLocal32:
+            out = "getl";
+            break;
+        case Instruction::SetGlobal8:
+        case Instruction::SetGlobal16:
+        case Instruction::SetGlobal32:
+            out = "setg";
+            break;
+        case Instruction::GetGlobal8:
+        case Instruction::GetGlobal16:
+        case Instruction::GetGlobal32:
+            out = "getg";
+            break;
+        case Instruction::Call8:
+        case Instruction::Call16:
+        case Instruction::Call32:
+            out = "call";
+            break;
+        case Instruction::Return:           out = "ret"; break;
+        case Instruction::ReturnNil:        out = "retn"; break;
+        case Instruction::GetKeyValue:      out = "getkv"; break;
+        case Instruction::SetKeyValue:      out = "setkv"; break;
+        case Instruction::GetArrayItem:     out = "geta"; break;
+        case Instruction::SetArrayItem:     out = "seta"; break;
+        case Instruction::Append:           out = "appnd"; break;
+        case Instruction::Next:             out = "next"; break;
+        case Instruction::SetMetatable:     out = "smt"; break;
+        case Instruction::GetMetatable:     out = "mt"; break;
+        case Instruction::Sum:              out = "sum"; break;
+        case Instruction::Subtract:         out = "sub"; break;
+        case Instruction::Multiply:         out = "mul"; break;
+        case Instruction::Divide:           out = "div"; break;
+        case Instruction::DivideInt:        out = "idiv"; break;
+        case Instruction::Equals:           out = "eq"; break;
+        case Instruction::NotEquals:        out = "neq"; break;
+        case Instruction::LessThan:         out = "lt"; break;
+        case Instruction::LessThanEq:       out = "lte"; break;
+        case Instruction::GreaterThan:      out = "gt"; break;
+        case Instruction::GreaterThanEq:    out = "gte"; break;
+        case Instruction::And:              out = "and"; break;
+        case Instruction::Or:               out = "or"; break;
+        case Instruction::Xor:              out = "xor"; break;
+        case Instruction::Len:              out = "len"; break;
+        case Instruction::Type:             out = "type"; break;
+        case Instruction::Cast:             out = "cast"; break;
+        case Instruction::Version:          out = "ver"; break;
+        case Instruction::BranchIfZero8:
+        case Instruction::BranchIfZero16:
+        case Instruction::BranchIfZero32:
+            out = "bz";
+            break;
+        case Instruction::BranchIfNotZero8:
+        case Instruction::BranchIfNotZero16:
+        case Instruction::BranchIfNotZero32:
+            out = "bnz";
+            break;
+        case Instruction::Jump8:
+        case Instruction::Jump16:
+        case Instruction::Jump32:
+            out = "jmp";
+            break;
+        case Instruction::Compile:          out = "cmpl"; break;
+        case Instruction::Assemble:         out = "asmbl"; break;
+        case Instruction::Load:             out = "load"; break;
+        default:
+            out = "???";
+    }
+
+    if ((uint8_t) inst < 0xa0)
+        return { out, 1 };
+
+    out += " " + std::to_string(oper);
+    if ((uint8_t) inst >= 0xe0)
+        return { out, 5 };
+    else if ((uint8_t) inst >= 0xc0)
+        return { out, 3 };
+    else
+        return { out, 2 };
+}
+
+std::pair<std::string, size_t> debug_instruction(Bytecode const& bt, uint32_t function_id, uint32_t addr)
+{
+    auto inst = (Instruction) bt.get_code_byte(function_id, addr);
+
+    if ((uint8_t) inst >= 0xe0)
+        return debug_instruction(inst, bt.get_code_int32(function_id, addr + 1));
+    else if ((uint8_t) inst >= 0xc0)
+        return debug_instruction(inst, bt.get_code_int16(function_id, addr + 1));
+    else if ((uint8_t) inst >= 0xa0)
+        return debug_instruction(inst, bt.get_code_int8(function_id, addr + 1));
+
+    return debug_instruction(inst);
+}
+
+}

src/vm/instruction.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#ifndef TYCHE_INSTRUCTION_HH
+#define TYCHE_INSTRUCTION_HH
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "../bytecode/bytecode.hh"
+
+namespace tyche {
+
+enum class Instruction : uint8_t {
+
+    // stack operations
+    PushInt8        = 0xa0,
+    PushInt16       = 0xc0,
+    PushInt32       = 0xe0,
+    PushConstant8   = 0xa1,
+    PushConstant16  = 0xc1,
+    PushConstant32  = 0xe1,
+    PushZero        = 0x00,
+    PushTrue        = 0x01,
+    NewArray        = 0x02,
+    NewTable        = 0x03,
+    Pop             = 0x04,
+    Duplicate       = 0x05,
+
+    // local variables
+    SetLocal8       = 0xa3,
+    SetLocal16      = 0xc3,
+    SetLocal32      = 0xe3,
+    GetLocal8       = 0xa4,
+    GetLocal16      = 0xc4,
+    GetLocal32      = 0xe4,
+    SetGlobal8      = 0xa5,
+    SetGlobal16     = 0xc5,
+    SetGlobal32     = 0xe5,
+    GetGlobal8      = 0xa6,
+    GetGlobal16     = 0xc6,
+    GetGlobal32     = 0xe6,
+
+    // function operations
+    Call8           = 0xa7,
+    Call16          = 0xc7,
+    Call32          = 0xe7,
+    Return          = 0x10,
+    ReturnNil       = 0x11,
+
+    // table and array operations
+    GetKeyValue     = 0x16,
+    SetKeyValue     = 0x17,
+    GetArrayItem    = 0x18,
+    SetArrayItem    = 0x19,
+    Append          = 0x1a,
+    Next            = 0x1b,
+    SetMetatable    = 0x1c,
+    GetMetatable    = 0x1d,
+
+    // logical/arithmetic
+    Sum             = 0x20,
+    Subtract        = 0x21,
+    Multiply        = 0x22,
+    Divide          = 0x23,
+    DivideInt       = 0x24,
+    Equals          = 0x25,
+    NotEquals       = 0x26,
+    LessThan        = 0x27,
+    LessThanEq      = 0x28,
+    GreaterThan     = 0x29,
+    GreaterThanEq   = 0x2a,
+    And             = 0x2b,
+    Or              = 0x2c,
+    Xor             = 0x2d,
+
+    // other value operations
+    Len             = 0x30,
+    Type            = 0x31,
+    Cast            = 0x32,
+    Version         = 0x33,
+
+    // control flow
+    BranchIfZero8     = 0xa8,
+    BranchIfZero16    = 0xc8,
+    BranchIfZero32    = 0xe8,
+    BranchIfNotZero8  = 0xa9,
+    BranchIfNotZero16 = 0xc9,
+    BranchIfNotZero32 = 0xe9,
+    Jump8             = 0xaa,
+    Jump16            = 0xca,
+    Jump32            = 0xea,
+
+    // external code
+    Compile         = 0x38,
+    Assemble        = 0x39,
+    Load            = 0x3a,
+};
+
+std::pair<std::string, size_t> debug_instruction(Instruction inst, int oper=0);
+std::pair<std::string, size_t> debug_instruction(Bytecode const& bt, uint32_t function_id, uint32_t addr);
+
+}
+
+#endif //TYCHE_INSTRUCTION_HH

src/vm/tests.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include "../bytecode/bytecodeprototype.hh"
+#include "../bytecode/bytearray.hh"
+#include "../bytecode/bytecode.hh"
+#include "code.hh"
+
+using namespace tyche;
+
+TEST(Code, ImportSingleAndDebug)
+{
+    BytecodePrototype bp;
+
+    bp.constants.emplace_back(3.14f);
+    bp.constants.emplace_back("HELLO");
+
+    bp.functions.emplace_back(0, 0);
+    bp.functions.at(0).code.append_byte(0xa0);       // pushi
+    bp.functions.at(0).code.append_int8(42);
+
+    bp.functions.emplace_back(2, 1);
+    bp.functions.at(1).code.append_byte(0x1a);      // appnd
+
+    ByteArray ba = Bytecode::generate(bp);
+
+    Code code;
+    code.import_bytecode(std::move(ba));
+    printf("%s\n", code.disassemble().c_str());
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}